The standards apparel buyers actually write into contracts, explained in plain English — what each one measures, how it is scored, and what limits typically apply.
Plain-English references for the inspection and testing standards apparel buyers write into contracts. No paywall, no sign-up.
The dominant fabric inspection and grading standard. Penalty points, scoring formula, required inspection conditions and buyer acceptance limits.
ReferenceEvery common circular knitting defect in ASTM D3990 terminology, with causes and remedies for each.
AATCCWhy knits twist after washing, how skew is measured, and the thresholds buyers apply.
ISOPilling resistance test methods, the 1–5 grading scale, and what drives a better grade.
| Property | Standard | What it tells you |
|---|---|---|
| Visual inspection & grading | ASTM D5430 | Penalty points per 100 yd² |
| Defect terminology | ASTM D3990 | Canonical defect names |
| Spirality / skew | AATCC 179 | Garment twist after laundering |
| Pilling resistance | ISO 12945 / ASTM D4970 | Surface appearance in wear |
| Dimensional change | AATCC 135 / ISO 6330 | Shrinkage after washing |
| Bursting strength | ISO 13938 | Knit failure resistance |
| Colourfastness to washing | ISO 105-C06 / AATCC 61 | Shade retention |
These summaries are provided for orientation. Always work from the current published standard and your buyer’s written specification, which together are the only binding references.